2020-03-18 13:23:59解放军文职招聘考试2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语(广东卷)发布时间：2017-06-19 17:38:332015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(广东卷)本试卷共12页,三大题,满分135分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角 条形码粘贴处 。2.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并交回。Ⅰ.语言知识及应用(共两节,满分45分)第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。How long can human beings live?Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 1 to live no longer than 120 years.However,110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live if he or she is 2 healthy and lucky.Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years!Yet,our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 3 .They wear out,and as a result,we get old and 4 die.Even though we can t live forever,we are living a 5 life than ever before.In 1900,the average American life span(寿命) was only 47 years,but today it is 75 years!When does old age begin then?Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the 6 line between middle age and old age.After all,many older people don t begin to experience physical and mental 7 until after age 75.People are living longer because more people 8 childhood.Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature,many children died of common childhood 9 .Now that the chances of dying 10 are much lower,the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.On the whole,our population is getting older.The 11 in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life.Some people fear such changes will be for the worse,while some see 12 ,not disaster.Today,many men and women in their golden years are healthy,still active,and young in 13 if not in age.As our society grows old,we need the 14 of our older citizens.With long lives ahead of them,they need to 15 active and be devoted.1.A.designed B.selectedC.improved D.discovered2.A.completely B.generallyC.apparently D.extremely3.A.rapidly B.harmlesslyC.endlessly D.separately4.A.eventually B.hopelesslyC.automatically D.desperately5.A.busier B.longerC.richer D.happier6.A.finishing B.guidingC.waiting D.dividing7.A.stress B.damageC.decline D.failure8.A.survive B.enjoyC.remember D.value9.A.problems B.fearsC.worries D.diseases10.A.poor B.youngC.sick D.quiet11.A.changes B.recoveryC.safety D.increases12.A.dreams B.chancesC.strengths D.choices13.A.mind B.appearanceC.voice D.movement14.A.protection B.suggestionsC.contributions D.permission15.A.sound B.appearC.turn D.stay第二节 语法填空(共10小题; 每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16~25的相应位置上。Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned 16 farm,which looked almost abandoned. 17 (lucky),he also had a cow which produced milk every day.He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby 18 other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what 19 (leave).The cow was their only means of support,in fact.One day,the cow was eating grass 20 it began to rain heavily.While making great efforts to run away,she 21 (fall) over the hill and died.Then the Johnsons had to make a living 22 the cow.In order to support his family,Mr.Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables.Since the plants took a while to grow,he started cutting down trees 23 (sell) the wood.Thinking about his children s clothes,he started growing cotton too.When harvest came around,he was already selling herbs,vegetables and cotton in the market 24 people from the towns met regularly.Now it occurred to 25 that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.Ⅱ.阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节 阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Peter loved to shop used articles.Almost a month ago,he bought a popular word game that used little pieces of wood with different letters on them.As he was purchasing it,the salesgirl said, Oh,look,the game box hasn t even been opened yet.That might be worth some money.Peter examined the box and,sure enough,it was completely covered in factory-sealed plastic.And he saw a date of 1973 on the back of the box.You should put that up for auction (拍卖) on the Internet,and see what happens, the salesgirl said.Yes,you re right.People like something rare, Peter agreed. I can t imagine there being very many unopened boxes of this game still around 40 years later.Don t forget to tell me if you sell it, the salesgirl smiled.No problem, Peter said.After he got home,Peter went online to several auction websites looking for his game.But he couldn t find it.Then he typed in the name of the word game and hit Search.The search result was 543 websites containing information about the changes of the game.Over the years,the game had been produced using letters in different sizes and game boards in different colors.He also found some lists of game fans looking for various versions of the game.Peter emailed some of them,telling them what he had.Two weeks later,Peter went back to the shop.Hello.Do you still remember the unopened word game?The salesgirl looked at him for a second,then recognized him and said, Oh,hi!I ve got something for you, Peter said. I sold the game and made $1,000.Thank you for your suggestion. He handed her three $100 bills.Wow! the salesgirl cried out. Thank you.I never expected it.26.Which of the following best describes Peter s word game?A.It was made around 40 years ago.B.It had game boards in different sizes.C.It was kept in a plastic bag with a seal.D.It had little pieces of wood in different colors.27.What did the salesgirl probably think of Peter s word game?A.Old and handy.B.Rare and valuable.C.Classic and attractive.D.Colorful and interesting.28.Peter got the names of the game fans from .A.an auctionB.the InternetC.a game shopD.the second-hand shop29.What happened at the end of the story?A.Peter gave the girl $300 as a reward.B.The salesgirl became Peter s friend.C.Peter returned the word game for $1,000.D.The salesgirl felt confused to see Peter again.30.What is the main theme of the story?A.It s important to keep a promise.B.It s great to share in other people s happiness.C.We should be grateful for the help from others.D.Something rare is worth a large amount of money.When I was nine years old,I loved to go fishing with my dad.But the only thing that wasn t very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn t catch anything.I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why.He always answered, Son,if you want to catch a fish,you have to think like a fish. I remember being even more upset then because, I m not a fish! I didn t know how to think like a fish.Besides,I reasoned,how could what I think influence what a fish does?As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant.So,I read some books on fish.And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings.I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature.That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer.Besides,water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade.Yet,fish don t have any eyelids(眼皮) and the sun hurts their eyes....The more I understood fish,the more I became effective at finding and catching them.When I grew up and entered the business world,I remember hearing my first boss say, We all need to think like sales-people. But it didn t completely make sense.My dad never once said, If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman. What he said was, You need to think like a fish. Years later,with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me,I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers.It is not an easy job.I will show you how in the following chapters.31.Why was the author upset in the fishing trips when he was nine?A.He could not catch a fish.B.His father was not patient with him.C.His father did not teach him fishing.D.He could not influence a fish as his father did.32.What did the author s father really mean?A.To read about fish.B.To learn fishing by oneself.C.To understand what fish think.D.To study fishing in many ways.33.According to the author,fish are most likely to be found .A.in deep water on sunny daysB.in deep water on cloudy daysC.in shallow water under sunlightD.in shallow water under waterside trees34.After entering the business world,the author found .A.it easy to think like a customerB.his father s fishing advice inspiringC.his first boss s sales ideas reasonableD.it difficult to sell services to poor people35.This passage most likely comes from .A.a fishing guideB.a popular sales bookC.a novel on childhoodD.a millionaire s biographyDaniel Anderson,a famous psychologist,believes it s important to distinguish television s influences on children from those of the family.We tend to blame TV,he says,for problems it doesn t really cause,overlooking our own roles in shaping children s minds.One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child s ability to think and to understand the world.While watching TV,children do not merely absorb words and images (影像).Instead,they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see.Actually,children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows.Furthermore,as many teachers agree,children understand far more when parents watch TV with them,explaining new words and ideas.Yet,most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment.But according to Anderson,the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability.TV doesn t take the place of reading for most children;it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation,such as listening to the radio and playing sports.Things like parents educational background have a stronger influence on a child s reading. A child s reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads, Anderson says.Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching lowers IQ (智商) scores and affects school performance.But here,too,Anderson notes that no studies have proved it.In fact,research suggests that it s the other way around. If you re smart young,you ll watch less TV when you re older, Anderson says.Yet,people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children.However,by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionally believed,Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influences.36.By watching TV,children learn .A.images through wordsB.more than explicit meaningsC.more about images than wordsD.little about people s psychology37.An educational program is best watched by a child .A.on his ownB.with other kidsC.with his parentsD.with his teachers38.Which of the following is most related to children s reading ability?A.Radio-listening.B.Television-watching.C.Parents reading list.D.Parents educational background.39.Anderson believes that .A.the more a child watches TV,the smarter he isB.the younger a child is,the more he watches TVC.the smarter a child is,the less likely he gets addicted to TVD.the less a child watches TV,the better he performs at school40.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To advise on the educational use of TV.B.To describe TV s harmful effects on children.C.To explain traditional views on TV influences.D.To present Anderson s unconventional ideas.It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction.Each class had unique characteristics.In recent years,many writers have begun to speak of the decline of class and classless society in Britain.And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class.But pronouncing the death of class is too early.A recent wide-ranging study of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in a particular class;73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society;and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences.Thus,class may not be culturally and politically obvious,yet it remains an important part of British society.Britain seems to have a love of stratification.One unchanging aspect of a British person s class position is accent.The words a person speaks tell her or his class.A study of British accents during the 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice.Most people said this accent sounded educated and soft .The accents placed at the bottom in this study,on the other hand,were regional(地区的)city accents.These accents were seen as common and ugly .However,a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least.This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.In recent years,however,young upper middle-class people in London,have begun to adopt some regional accents,in order to hide their class origins.This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed.However,the 1995 pop song Common People puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may want to live like common people they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life.41.A recent study of public opinion shows that in modern Britain .A.it is time to end class distinctionB.most people belong to middle classC.it is easy to recognize a person s classD.people regard themselves socially different42.The word stratification in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .A.varietyB.divisionC.authorityD.qualification43.The study in the US showed that BBC English was regarded as .A.regionalB.educatedC.prejudicedD.unattractive44.British attitudes towards accent .A.have a long traditionB.are based on regional statusC.are shared by the AmericansD.have changed in recent years45.What is the main idea of the passage?A.The middle class is expanding.B.A person s accent reflects his class.C.Class is a key part of British society.D.Each class has unique characteristics.第二节 信息匹配(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下列应用文及相关信息,并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。首先请阅读下列活动介绍:A Night of Glamor and Intrigue at Shanghai Bund in 1930To celebrate Asia heritage month,Trendy New York is proud to present Cheongsam Night out A date with Cheongsam beauties in Shanghai Bund 1930 .May 16,9:00 PM - May 17,12:00 AM,EDT330 West 40th Street,New York,NY 10018Picking partners NEW YORKFeaturing adaptations from Chinese and Western classics,including works from Chinese Academy Award-winning composer Tan Dun,the Beijing Guitar Duo teamed up with Cuban guitar virtuoso Manuel Barrueco (right) for a China West Concert at the New York Historical Society on April 23.Heroes of History:Legacy of My Chinese FamilyJoin us as actress Tina Chen recounts the fascinating story of three generations of her mother s family and their contributions to the history of China.Friday,May 8,6:30 PM - 7:30 PMChina Institute125 East 65th Street,New York,NY 10065Great shots NEW YORKA photography exhibition held by HAN Media to celebrate its founding in New York City on April 24,featuring three emerging Chinese photographers:Yingxi Michael Shi,Haiyin Lin and Liming Guan,whose works have appeared in publications such as Vogue,ELLE,The New York Times and others.Forbidden delights NEW YORKThe first session of the China Institute in America short course Beijing:The City Through Its Architecture opens on Wednesday.Nancy S.Steinhardt discusses the Forbidden City and Beijing s imperial architecture.Passing on the Kunqu Art:From Master to DisciplesKunqu Society,the classical Chinese theater which combines singing,dancing and acting to literary works by masters of Ming and Qing Dynasties,performance introduces four signature plays of Kunqu Master Jiqing Zhang to American audiences.Sunday,April 19,2:00 PM,ESTMiller Theatre at Columbia University2960 Broadway,New York,NY 10027请根据以下人物介绍选择他们可能参加的活动:46.Edward Leonardo Norton,connoisseur of Chinese and Japanese antiques.He has a strong interest in classical Chinese literary works.He even starts going to evening classes to learn classical Chinese at Columbia University.47.Daphne Sui-yuan Tan,former director of National Association of Photographers.After reading some history books on how the first group of Chinese immigrants survived in America of the 19th century,she has become keen on her own family history and that of others.48.Sharon Collins,pop singer and amateur photographer.Her marriage with a serious music critic has drawn her to his world,so she is now crazy about classical music and will not miss any chance to attend a concert with her husband.49.Michelle Higgins,eminent photographer and columnist for quite a few internationally-known travel magazines.Recently,she has shown great interest in photo exhibits which feature young artists with Islamic or Chinese background.50.Caroline Hugo,famous writer and influential movie critic.Last year her fantasy story which involved the mysterious Forbidden City received critical acclaim.Now she is conceiving a romance that has Shanghai of the 1930s as the setting.Ⅲ.写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节 基础写作(共1小题;满分15分)你接受了一项写作任务,为英语校报写一篇科技报道。[写作内容]请根据以下信息,介绍国外医疗行业出现的一项新技术,内容包括:技术名称:DNA检测检测方法:唾液样本分析检测费用:125英镑检测时长:4到6周检测用途:1.预测重大疾病2.预知食物偏好3.提示合适的锻炼方式检测影响:1.增强健康意识2.易引起过度焦虑*唾液样本:saliva sample[写作要求]只能用5个句子表达全部内容。[评分标准]句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。第二节 读写任务(共1小题;满分25分)阅读下面短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。On the first day of her work,Sally found that a class full of problems was waiting for her.Six teachers had quit before her.When she walked into the classroom,it was chaos:two boys were fighting in the far corner,yet the rest of the class seemed not to notice them;some girls were chatting and some were running about;paper,food packages and other garbage were littered around....Just when she was about to speak,a student rushed in and pushed her aside!He was twenty minutes late!Sally walked onto the platform,picked up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard: Rule 1:We are family! All students stopped to look at her.And she continued with Rule 2,Rule 3....In the following weeks,Sally worked out 10 class rules and posted them on the walls of the classroom.She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.Surprisingly,Sally was not driven out like the former teachers;instead,she won respect from the students.Over the year,she witnessed gradual changes in the class.At the graduation ceremony,just as she expected,she was very proud to stand with a class of care,manners and confidence.[写作内容]1.用约30个词概括上文的主要内容。2.用约120个词就班规谈谈你的想法,内容包括:(1)你们班最突出的问题是什么?(2)针对该问题你会设计一条什么班规?(3)你认为该班规会带来什么影响?[写作要求]1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事,也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不得直接引用原文的句子。2.作文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。[评分标准]概括准确,语言规范,内容合适,篇章连贯。2015高考广东英语卷答案详解1.A 考查动词。句意:大多数从事老年研究的科学家们认为人体被设计的不会活过120岁。design设计;select 选择,挑选;improve 提高,改善;discover发现。根据句意可知,A项符合题意。2.D 考查副词。句意:然而,110岁可能是人们希望能活得最长的寿命 如果他(她)非常健康和幸运。completely完全地;generally一般地;apparently显然地;extremely极其,非常。根据句意可知,应选D项。3.C 考查副词。句意:然而我们的细胞不会一直无止境地再生。rapidly快速地;harmlessly无害地;endlessly无止境地;separately分离地,分开地。根据句意可知,因为人体的细胞不会无止境地再生,因此人的寿命是有限的,会死亡,故选C项。4.A 考查副词。句意:它们(细胞)慢慢消耗尽,结果我们就会变老并最终死亡。eventually最终;hopelessly没有希望地;automatically自动地;desperately绝望地,自暴自弃地。根据句意可知应选A项。5.B 考查形容词。句意:尽管我们不能永久地活着,但我们的寿命比以前长了。busier更忙的;longer更长的;richer更富有的;happier更开心的。根据句意可知,应选B项。6.D 句意:作为中年和老年的分界线,65岁可能已经过时了。finishing完成;guiding 指导,指引;waiting 等待;dividing划分。根据文意可知,把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线已经不适合现在的形势了。dividing line 分界线 ,故选D项。7.C 考查名词。句意:毕竟,很多老年人直到75岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰退。stress 压力,压迫;damage 损坏;decline 衰落,衰退;failure失败。根据句意可知,现在很多老年人是在75岁之后身体和精神才开始衰弱的,故选C项。8.A 考查动词。句意:现在人们活得更长是因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive 幸存;enjoy 喜欢,欣赏;remember 记得;value价值,估价。根据这一段的内容可知,现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来,故选A项。9.D 考查名词。句意:在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前,很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。problems 问题;fears 恐惧,害怕;worries 担心;diseases 疾病。根据句意可知,以前的儿童因为很多普遍的疾病而死,所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选D项。10.B 考查形容词。句意:既然年少夭折的可能性更低了,那么活得更长的机会就更高了,因为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor 穷的;young 年轻的;sick 病的;quiet 安静的。根据这一段的意思可知,以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了。dying young就是 年少死去 。故选B项。11.A 考查名词。句意:人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes 改变;recovery 恢复;safety 安全;increases 增长,增加。根据下文中 Some people fear such changes will... 可知,我们现在的人口结构改变了,故选A项。12.B 考查名词。句意:一些人担心这个改变会带来一些坏处,然而还有一些人看到的是机会,而不是灾难。dream梦想;chance机会;strength 力量 ,复数意为 长处,优点 choice 选择。根据句意可知,这句话中的while 表示对比,即跟前一种人不一样的看法,故选B项。13.A 考查名词。句意:现在,很多处在 黄金年龄 的男士和女士,身体都非常健康,仍然积极,心态也很年轻。mind 心态;appearance 外表;voice 声音;movement移动。根据句意可知,这里应该是说虽然年龄老了,但是心态依然年轻,故选A项。14.C 考查名词。句意:随着我们的社会老龄化,我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。protection 保护;suggestion建议;contribution贡献;permission允许。根据文意可知,现在的社会逐渐老龄化,因此老年人也要继续给我们的社会做贡献,故选C项。15.D 考查动词。句意:前面还有很长的寿命,他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。sound 听起来;appear 好像;出现;turn 转变成;stay保持。根据文意可知,现在人们的寿命更长了,因此老年人也要继续保持积极的心态,为我们的社会做贡献。故应选D项。16.a 句意:他拥有一个农场,这个农场看起来都快废弃了。a 是不定冠词,表泛指,修饰可数名词单数。根据文意可知,约翰逊(Johnson)先生和家人住在树林里,他拥有一个农场。故填a。17.Luckily 句意:幸运的是,他还有一头奶牛,每天都能产奶。luckily是副词, 幸运的是 。根据文意可知,约翰逊(Johnson)先生的农场很破旧,都快要废弃了。但是还有奶牛每天都产奶,能让他维持生存,所以这是一件幸运的事。这里用副词修饰整个句子。18.for 句意:他去附近的镇里卖牛奶,或是用牛奶换其他的食物。本句话中exchange 的意思是 交换 。根据句意可知,约翰逊(Johnson)先生用牛奶换其他的食物。这里是用短语exchange...for... 用 交换 ,故填介词for。19.was left 句意:他去附近的镇里卖牛奶,或是用牛奶来换其他的食物,用剩下的牛奶制作奶酪和黄油。leave离开;剩下,留下。20.when 句意:一天,奶牛正在吃草,这时突然开始下起大雨。when是并列连词,意思是 正在这时 。21.fell 句意:在慌忙逃跑的时候,奶牛摔下了山,死了。fall摔倒,掉下来。短文用的是一般过去时态,故这里填过去式fell。22.without 句意:约翰逊一家努力在没有奶牛的情况下维持生活。根据文意可知,奶牛在慌忙躲雨的时候,不小心摔死了,因此约翰逊一家就不得不在没有了奶牛的情况下生活。故填without。23.to sell 句意:因为这些药草和蔬菜需要花费时间来生长,约翰逊(Johnson)先生就开始砍树来卖木头。sell卖,销售。这里用动词不定式形式在句中作目的状语。24.where 句意:丰收的时候,他已经在人们定期赶集的市场上卖药草、蔬菜和棉花了。where 在这里引导的是一个定语从句,修饰先行词the market。26.A 细节理解题。根据第四段 I can t imagine there being very many unopened boxes of this game still around 40 years later. 可知,这个游戏盒子是大约四十年前制造的。故选A项。27.B 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话可知,这个游戏盒子可能很值钱;根据第四段中的rare可知是 稀有的 。28.B 推理判断题。根据 The search result was 543 websites containing information about the changes of the game...looking for various versions of the game. 可知,彼得是从网上得知这个游戏爱好者的名字。29.A 细节理解题。根据 Peter said, I sold the game and made $1,000.Thank you for your suggestion. He handed her three $100 bills 可知,彼得感谢这位女售货员的建议,给了她300美元作为回报。30.C 推理判断题。全文围绕彼得听了女售货员的建议,买了游戏盒后拍卖,赚了钱。为了表示感谢,他给了这位女售货员300美元作为回报。由此可推测,这个故事的主题是我们应该感激别人的帮助。31.A 细节理解题。根据第
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